Should i use dnp

Adams agrees. As was the case with Parry, users can quite easily buy the drug online. And websites with apparent testimonials also make the purchase of DNP seem to be desirable and safe. Soni says the RPS has a responsibility to keep putting pressure on the Home Office to ban any sales of the drug. The spokesperson adds that the FSA is clear that DNP presents a serious risk to consumers when marketed for consumption.

The NFCU continually reviews its approach to this issue, to ensure it is as effective as it can be. Some direct-selling platforms are addressing the issue too. The RPS gives the example of eBay as one online marketplace that has been actively removing sellers. With the internet — especially non-UK sites — and with Chinese and Indian labs producing all kinds of chemicals, it is very difficult to shut off availability completely.

Philip Strange, emeritus professor of pharmacology at the University of Reading, says it is very difficult to shut off availability of DNP completely. The multi-level approach required includes a role to be played by pharmacists. Primarily, pharmacists need the awareness and knowledge to spot symptoms of DNP poisoning when a patient mentions they have taken it see Box.

Symptoms of acute 2,4-dinitrophenol DNP poisoning include fever, dehydration, nausea, vomiting, restlessness, flushed skin and a rapid heartbeat. These can quickly progress to coma and death.

Even after prolonged and seemingly uneventful use, this toxicity can develop, says the National Poisons Information Service NPIS , and anyone with symptoms needs to be referred straight to hospital for treatment. According to guidelines on TOXBASE, the clinical toxicology database of the NPIS available to NHS healthcare professionals, those handling emergency cases are advised to quickly introduce cooling measures, fluid resuscitation and sedation to increase the likelihood of recovery.

Additional guidance includes ensuring that the patient has a clear airway, and regularly monitoring temperature, pulse and blood pressure. Agitation can be treated with sedation and patients should be observed for at least 12 hours after consuming the drug. Resources are available for any pharmacist looking to find out more about DNP, says Thomas. Because the sale of DNP for human consumption is an offence under food-safety law, it fell to Harrow council to lead the investigation.

The investigators were hoping to access computers, in order to follow a trail of payments. To their astonishment, when Rebelo opened his door, they found his factory.

Inside the house, one of the rooms contained two large plastic barrels, labelling machines, pill-making equipment and other items, including some linked to the preparation of steroids. Rebelo had just taken delivery of a new consignment of DNP. Harrow council staff spent months trawling through his emails and online forums.

They discovered that Rebelo began selling steroids in , and had sourced DNP from a factory in China soon afterwards. He had hundreds of customers in the US and Europe. On online forums, under the handle DrMusclePharma, Rebelo had offered specious reassurance to customers concerned about the side-effects they were experiencing after taking DNP.

He suggested they adjust the dosage. In the following weeks and months, he continued to trade. He continued to trade even after another of his customers was hospitalised in , prompting Interpol to issue a global health warning about DNP. Rebelo was skilled at avoiding detection. He shut down websites, reopened them with different names and changed hosts. Payments were routed through multiple accounts in different countries. However, the registrar did not shut down the site, and did not act on several further requests from US and Canadian health authorities.

Finally, they complied. Rebelo found another registrar, and continued trading. Rebelo admitted that Ella had bought DNP from him. He claimed he had sold it only as an industrial chemical, and that he had made it clear it was not safe for human consumption.

His girlfriend was cleared of a money-laundering charge, and another man accused in relation to the case was also acquitted. Rebelo was convicted on two counts of the manslaughter of Eloise Parry. He appealed the verdict on a technicality and a full retrial was ordered.

The months that followed were agonising for the Parry family. However, in February , after the new trial, a jury unanimously convicted Rebelo of manslaughter by gross negligence and of supplying a poison falsely described as suitable for use as a slimming aid. The presiding judge, Mrs Justice Whipple, sentencing Rebelo to seven years, said he had been motivated by financial gain to exploit vulnerable and desperate people.

F iona Parry had never heard of DNP before she lost her daughter to it. The Gerbutavicius family had moved to London from Lithuania when Vaidotas was six. He was smart, learned English quickly, made friends and did well at school. By , he was working in construction and living with his girlfriend.

On 10 March that year, Gerbutavicius had been getting ready for his work as a construction manager when he got a panic-stricken call from his son, saying he had overdosed on DNP. I asked a medic if it was life-threatening, and he said it was serious, but not necessarily deadly. He was put into a medically induced coma and for 40 minutes doctors gave him CPR, but he died less than two hours after being admitted to hospital.

He now knows that heightened temperature is a side-effect of DNP use. Then he laid a trap for the dealer. Gerbutavicius handed the package over to the FSA. He was shocked to learn that the man who had sold Vaidotas the lethal DNP was already under observation by the authorities. The woman, whose family asked me to refer to her only by her initials, CW, died that same year from a heart problem that was most likely caused by her consumption of DNP. Her mother reported him to the police.

Undercover officers bought DNP from him several times in His website was shut down. However, he proceeded to set up several more, and continued to trade in DNP with tragic consequences. Some were marked as bee pollen. He had used multiple websites and mainstream platforms, often leading potential buyers into more private forums. He displayed before-and-after photos of clients, who got a discount for sending them to him.

He pleaded guilty to selling an unapproved drug with intent to mislead. T he families continue to support each other in their efforts to get DNP taken off the market.

Shipsey and Parry have both contacted and confronted dealers. The FSA says it is a constant challenge to locate and establish the ownership of websites selling the drug, as vendors often deploy sophisticated methods to obscure their identity.

But through the work the agency has done with others, it says more than 30 such sites have been shut down. The parents of Beth Shipsey, who overdosed on diet pills containing the chemical in , believe she was buying her supply online. The year-old from Worcester was being treated for mental health issues and was on home leave from a psychiatric unit on the day she died. Her family say they sympathise with agencies trying to stem the flow of DNP into the UK and want to see licence controls introduced to stop "unscrupulous people" getting hold of it.

The parents of two students who died after taking the supplement have campaigned for it to be classified as a class C drug. Chris Mapletoft died the day after taking his last A-level exam, while Sarah Houston was secretly taking DNP despite her apparent progress in overcoming bulimia.

Their families agree that if both possession and supply were a criminal offence, their children would have been deterred from buying or trying it. But as DNP has legitimate uses and is not a pharmaceutical, there are no plans to ban it. The FSA says that if those suspected of supplying DNP for human consumption can be traced, search warrants are executed in the hope of bringing prosecutions.

During one such operation, in September , 11kgs of DNP, mixing machines and pill presses were seized during raids in the North West and the North East.

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